Human capital is one of the key drivers of the Mongolian economy. The population is relatively young and still growing up. According to statistics, Mongolia’s population increased by 1.1% in 2024 over the previous year and reached a total of 3,544,835. The country’s population is expected to reach 5.2m by 2050.
49% of the population is male and 51% is female. The share of employed people within the working-age population stands at 58.7%. Specifically, 71% of men and 54% of women are employed.
Human capital distribution
Total population:
Labor force (2025-Q1)
The employment rate (Describes the percentage of employed people in the working-age group)
According to UNESCO, Mongolia has an adult literacy rate of 98.4%, one of the few countries where female literacy rates exceed those of their male counterparts. 98.7% of all women aged 15 years and older are literate, compared to 98.2% of men. 92% of Mongolian youths have access to the internet. A total of 4.9 million mobile phone users are registered as of now.
Mongolia’s improvement in the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), from 74th in 2022 to 46th in 2024, highlights significant progress in the nation’s e-governance capabilities.
The Russian language is more common among the senior age group while English is more popular among the country’s youth.